Impact of Spinal Deformity on Health and Function

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Rubio, D. R., Clohisy, J. C. F., Gupta, M. C., Lenke, L. G., & Kelly, M. P. (2025). Decision regret in adult spinal deformity surgery: a comparison of SRS-22r outcomes and the Decision Regret Scale. Neurosurgical Focus, 58(6), E3. https://doi.org/10.3171/2025.3.focus2575
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Mir, J. M., Smith, J. S., Yung, A., Onafowokan, O. O., Lafage, R., Gum, J., Line, B. G., Diebo, B., Daniels, A. H., Hamilton, D. K., Agarwal, N., Buell, T. J., Scheer, J. K., Eastlack, R. K., Mullin, J. P., Mundis, G. M., Hosogane, N., Yagi, M., Anand, N., … Passias, P. G. (2025). Impact of thoracolumbar inflection point on outcomes and complications in adult spinal deformity. Neurosurgical Focus, 58(6), E8. https://doi.org/10.3171/2025.3.focus24651
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Konradi, J., Betz, U., Huthwelker, J., Wolf, C., Schmidtmann, I., Westphal, R., Cerpa, M., Lenke, L. G., & Drees, P. (2025). Using Surface Topography to Visualize Spinal Motion During Gait—Examples of Possible Applications and All Tools for Open Science. Bioengineering, 12(4), 348. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12040348
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Chan, A. K., Upadhyayula, P. S., Tang, A. J., & Chou, D. (2025). Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for scoliosis: surgical technique for focal treatment of the lumbosacral fractional curve. Journal of Spine Surgery, 11(1), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.21037/jss-24-127
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Cerpa, M., Zuckerman, S. L., Lenke, L. G., Carreon, L. Y., Cheung, K. M. C., Kelly, M. P., Fehlings, M. G., Ames, C. P., Boachie-Adjei, O., Dekutoski, M. B., Kebaish, K. M., Lewis, S. J., Matsuyama, Y., Pellisé, F., Qiu, Y., Schwab, F. J., Smith, J. S., & Shaffrey, C. I. (2025). Long-term follow-up of non‑neurologic and neurologic complications after complex adult spinal deformity surgery: results from the Scoli-RISK-1 study. European Spine Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-025-08683-6
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Reyes, J. L., Miller, R., Malka, M., Coury, J., Shen, Y., Czerwonka, N., Dionne, A., Le Huec, J.-C., Bourret, S., Hasegawa, K., Wong, H. K., Liu, G., Hey, H. W. D., Riahi, H., Kelly, M., Lenke, L. G., & Sardar, Z. M. (2024). The Variability of the Cervicothoracic Inflection Point: A Cohort Analysis of the Multi-Ethnic Asymptomatic Normative Study (MEANS). Global Spine Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682241300985
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Mathew, J., Zuckerman, S. L., Marciano, G., Simhon, M., Lin, H., Cerpa, M., Lee, N. J., Boddapati, V., Lehman, R. A., Sardar, Z. M., Dyrszka, M. D., Lombardi, J. M., & Lenke, L. G. (2022). What Radiographic and Clinical Factors Ultimately Necessitate a C2-Sacrum Instrumented Posterior Spinal Fusion? Global Spine Journal, 14(4), 1210–1219. https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682221137031
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Kato, S., Smith, J. S., Driesman, D., Shaffrey, C. I., Lenke, L. G., & Lewis, S. J. (2024). Post-operative bracing following adult spine deformity surgery: Results from the AO Spine surveillance of post-operative management of patients with adult spine deformity. PLOS ONE, 19(4), e0297541. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297541
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Lenke, L. G., Lee, V., & Hassan, F. M. (2024). Revision of Surgery for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Reasons, Treatments, and Clinical Management with Case Examples. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(8), 2233. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13082233
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Diebo, B. G., Alsoof, D., Lafage, R., Daher, M., Balmaceno-Criss, M., Passias, P. G., Ames, C. P., Shaffrey, C. I., Burton, D. C., Deviren, V., Line, B. G., Soroceanu, A., Hamilton, D. K., Klineberg, E. O., Mundis, G. M., Kim, H. J., Gum, J. L., Smith, J. S., Uribe, J. S., … Daniels, A. H. (2024). Impact of Self-Reported Loss of Balance and Gait Disturbance on Outcomes following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(8), 2202. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13082202
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Heffernan, M. J., Leonardi, C., Andras, L. M., Fontenot, B., Drake, L., Pahys, J. M., Smith, J. T., Sturm, P. F., Thompson, G. H., Glotzbecker, M. P., Tetreault, T. A., Roye, B. D., & Li, Y. (2024). Lowest instrumented vertebrae in early onset scoliosis: is there a role for a more selective approach? Spine Deformity, 12(4), 1145–1153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43390-024-00842-x
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Coury, J. R., Morrissette, C. R., Lee, N. J., Cerpa, M., Sardar, Z. M., Weidenbaum, M., Lehman, R. A., Lombardi, J. M., & Lenke, L. G. (2022). Worse Preoperative Disability is Predictive of Improvement in Disability After Complex Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery. Global Spine Journal, 14(2), 364–369. https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682221104425
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Shen, Y., Sardar, Z. M., Malka, M., Katiyar, P., Greisberg, G., Hassan, F., Reyes, J. L., Le Huec, J.-C., Bourret, S., Hasegawa, K., Wong, H. K., Liu, G., Dennis Hey, H. W., Riahi, H., Kelly, M., Lombardi, J. M., & Lenke, L. G. (2024). Characteristics of Spinal Morphology According to the “Current” and “Theoretical” Roussouly Classification Systems in a Diverse, Asymptomatic Cohort: Multi-Ethnic Alignment Normative Study (MEANS). Global Spine Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682241235611
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Zapata, K. A., Dieckmann, R. J., Hresko, M. T., Sponseller, P. D., Vitale, M. G., Glassman, S. D., Smith, B. G., Jo, C.-H., & Sucato, D. J. (2024). Publisher Correction: A United States multi-site randomized control trial of Schroth-based therapy in adolescents with mild idiopathic scoliosis. Spine Deformity, 12(2), 519–520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43390-023-00817-4
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Benes, G., Roye, B. D., Stikeleather, L., Hresko, M. T., Sucato, D. J., Welborn, M. C., McClellan, C., & Sponseller, P. D. (2023). Scoliosis Bracing: Details Make the Difference. Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, 5(4), 776. https://doi.org/10.55275/jposna-2023-776
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Smith, J. S., Kelly, M. P., Buell, T. J., Ben-Israel, D., Diebo, B., Scheer, J. K., Line, B., Lafage, V., Lafage, R., Klineberg, E., Kim, H. J., Passias, P., Gum, J. L., Kebaish, K., Mullin, J. P., Eastlack, R., Daniels, A., Soroceanu, A., … Mundis, G. (2023). Adult Cervical Deformity Patients Have Higher Baseline Frailty, Disability, and Comorbidities Compared With Complex Adult Thoracolumbar Deformity Patients: A Comparative Cohort Study of 616 Patients. Global Spine Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682231214059
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Theologis, A. A., Cummins, D. D., Kato, S., Lewis, S., Shaffrey, C., Lenke, L., & Berven, S. H. (2023). Activity and sports resumption after long segment fusions to the pelvis for adult spinal deformity: survey results of AO Spine members. Spine Deformity, 11(6), 1485–1493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43390-023-00734-6
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Zuckerman, S. L., Goldberg, J. L., Cerpa, M., Vulapalli, M., Delgardo, M. W., Flowers, X. E., Leskinen, S., Kerolus, M. G., Buchanan, I. A., Ha, A. S., & Riew, K. D. (2023). Do Grip Strength Dynamometer Readings Improve After Cervical Spine Surgery? Global Spine Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682231208083
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Fourman, M. S., Lafage, R., Lovecchio, F., Sheikh Alshabab, B., Shah, S., Punyala, A., Ang, B., Elysee, J., Lenke, L. G., Kim, H. J., Schwab, F., & Lafage, V. (2022). How Does Gravity Influence the Distribution of Lordosis in Patients With Sagittal Malalignment? Global Spine Journal, 13(8), 2446–2453. https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682221087467
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Park, P. J., Hassan, F. M., Ferrer, X. E., Morrissette, C., Lee, N. J., Cerpa, M., Sardar, Z. M., Kelly, M. P., Bourret, S., Hasegawa, K., Wong, H.-K., Liu, G., Hey, H. W. D., Riahi, H., Huec, J.-C. L., & Lenke, L. G. (2023). The Posterior Cranial Vertical Line: A Novel Radiographic Marker for Classifying Global Sagittal Alignment. Neurospine, 20(3), 790–797. https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346408.204
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Diebo, B. G., Tataryn, Z., Alsoof, D., Lafage, R., Hart, R. A., Passias, P. G., Ames, C. P., Scheer, J. K., Lewis, S. J., Shaffrey, C. I., Burton, D. C., Deviren, V., Line, B. G., Soroceanu, A., Hamilton, D. K., Klineberg, E. O., Mundis, G. M., Kim, H. J., … Gum, J. L. (2023). Height Gain Following Correction of Adult Spinal Deformity. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 105(18), 1410–1419. https://doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.23.00031
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Echt, M., Bakare, A. A., Varela, J. R., Platt, A., Abdul Sami, M., Molenda, J., Kerolus, M., & Fessler, R. G. (2023). Comparison of minimally invasive decompression alone versus minimally invasive short-segment fusion in the setting of adult degenerative lumbar scoliosis: a propensity score–matched analysis. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3171/2023.4.spine221047
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Malka, M., Sardar, Z. M., Czerwonka, N., Coury, J. R., Reyes, J. L., Le Huec, J.-C., Bourret, S., Hasegawa, K., Wong, H.-K., Liu, G., Hey, H. W. D., Riahi, H., Kelly, M., & Lenke, L. G. (2023). The Thoracolumbar Inflection Point in a Population of Asymptomatic Volunteers: A Multi-Ethnic Alignment Normative Study Cohort Study. Global Spine Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682231193619
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Columbia Affiliation
Naresh-Babu, J., Kwan, K. Y. H., Wu, Y., Yilgor, C., Alanay, A., Cheung, K. M. C., Polly, D. W., Park, J.-B., Ito, M., Lenke, L. G., van Hooff, M. L., & Kleuver, M. de. (2021). AO Spine Adult Spinal Deformity Patient Profile: A Paradigm Shift in Comprehensive Patient Evaluation in Order to Optimize Treatment and Improve Patient Care. Global Spine Journal, 13(6), 1490–1501. https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682211037935
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Cerpa, M., Zuckerman, S. L., Lenke, L. G., Kelly, M. P., Yaszay, B., Newton, P., Sponseller, P., Erickson, M., Garg, S., Pahys, J., Samdani, A., Cahill, P., McCarthy, R., Bumpass, D., Sucato, D., Boachie-Adjei, O., Shah, S., & Gupta, M. (2021). Myelopathic Patients Undergoing Severe Pediatric Spinal Deformity Surgery Can Improve Neurologic Function to That of Non-Myelopathic Patients by 1-Year Postoperative. Global Spine Journal, 13(5), 1384–1393. https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682211034837
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Hassan, F. M., Lenke, L. G., Berven, S. H., Kelly, M. P., Smith, J. S., Shaffrey, C. I., Dahl, B. T., de Kleuver, M., Spruit, M., Pellise, F., Cheung, K. M. C., Alanay, A., Polly, D. W., Sembrano, J., Matsuyama, Y., Qiu, Y., & Lewis, S. J. (2023). Independent Prognostic Factors Associated With Improved Patient-Reported Outcomes in the Prospective Evaluation of Elderly Deformity Surgery (PEEDS) Study. Global Spine Journal, 219256822311741. https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682231174182
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Viraraghavan, G., Cahill, P. J., Vitale, M. G., Williams, B. A., & Balasubramanian, S. (2023). Automated Clustering Technique (ACT) for Early Onset Scoliosis: A preliminary report. Spine Deformity, 11(3), 723–731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43390-022-00634-1
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Zuckerman, S. L., Chanbour, H., Hassan, F. M., Lai, C. S., Shen, Y., Kerolus, M. G., Ha, A., Buchanan, I., Lee, N. J., Leung, E., Cerpa, M., Lehman, R. A., & Lenke, L. G. (2023). The Lumbosacral Fractional Curve vs Maximum Coronal Cobb Angle in Adult Spinal Deformity Patients with Coronal Malalignment: Which Matters More? Global Spine Journal, 219256822311615. https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682231161564
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Jentzsch, T., Lewis, S. J., Oitment, C., Rienmüller, A., Martin, A. R., Nielsen, C. J., Shear-Yashuv, H., de Kleuver, M., Qiu, Y., Matsuyama, Y., Lenke, L. G., Alanay, A., Pellisé-Urquiza, F., Cheung, K. M. C., Spruit, M., Polly, D. W., Sembrano, J. N., Shaffrey, C. I., … Smith, J. S. (2023). The Influence of Multilevel Spinal Deformity Surgery on the EuroQol 5 Dimensions’ (EQ-5D) Questionnaire and Residential Status in the Elderly: A Prospective, Observational, Multicenter Study. Global Spine Journal, 219256822311625. https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682231162574
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Hirase, T., Shin, C., Thirumavalavan, J., Boddapati, V., Lee, T., Haghshenas, V., & Marco, R. A. (2023). Anterior Column Realignment Using an Anterior-To-Psoas Approach: A Radiographic-Anatomic Feasibility Study at L1-L5. Global Spine Journal, 219256822311615. https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682231161577
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Smith, J. S., Elias, E., Sursal, T., Line, B., Lafage, V., Lafage, R., Klineberg, E., Kim, H. J., Passias, P., Nasser, Z., Gum, J. L., Eastlack, R., Daniels, A., Mundis, G., Hostin, R., Protopsaltis, T. S., Soroceanu, A., Hamilton, D. K., … Kelly, M. P. (2023). How Good Are Surgeons at Achieving Their Preoperative Goal Sagittal Alignment Following Adult Deformity Surgery? Global Spine Journal, 219256822311613. https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682231161304
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LaValva, S. M., Pahys, J. M., Garg, S., Bumpass, D. B., Sucato, D. J., Kelly, M. P., Lenke, L. G., Gupta, M. C., Sponseller, P. D., Boachie-Adjei, O., Shah, S. A., Yaszay, B., & Cahill, P. J. (2023). Preoperative Halo-Gravity Traction for Severe Pediatric Spinal Deformity: Can it Replace a Vertebral Column Resection? Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, 5(1), 496. https://doi.org/10.55275/jposna-2023-496
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Schupper, A. J., Lin, J. D., Osorio, J. A., Lee, N. J., Steinberger, J. M., Lombardi, J. M., Lehman, R. A., & Lenke, L. G. (2022). Freehand Juxtapedicular Screws Placed in the Apical Concavity of Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients: Technique, Computed Tomography Confirmation, and Radiographic Results. Neurospine, 19(4), 1116–1121. https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2244798.399
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Kunes, J. A., Raman, D., Matsumoto, H., Boby, A., Garg, S., Pahys, J., Roye, B., & Vitale, M. G. (2022). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health-related Quality of Life in Children with Early Onset Scoliosis. Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, 4(4), 533. https://doi.org/10.55275/jposna-2022-533
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Wolf, C., Betz, U., Huthwelker, J., Konradi, J., Westphal, R. S., Cerpa, M., Lenke, L., & Drees, P. (2021). Evaluation of 3D vertebral and pelvic position by surface topography in asymptomatic females: presentation of normative reference data. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02843-2
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Mathew, J., Cerpa, M., Lee, N. J., Boddapati, V., Marciano, G., Sardar, Z. M., & Lenke, L. G. (2021). Comparing hyperlordotic and standard lordotic cages for achieving segmental lumbar lordosis during transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in adult spinal deformity surgery. Journal of Spine Surgery, 7(3), 318–325. https://doi.org/10.21037/jss-21-15
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Shimizu, T., Cerpa, M., & Lenke, L. G. (2021). Understanding sagittal compensation in adult spinal deformity patients: relationship between pelvic tilt and lower-extremity position. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 35(5), 616–623. https://doi.org/10.3171/2021.1.spine201660
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Zuckerman, S. L., Lai, C. S., Shen, Y., Kerolus, M. G., Ha, A. S., Buchanan, I. A., Lee, N. J., Leung, E., Cerpa, M., Lehman, R. A., & Lenke, L. G. (2021). Be Prepared: Preoperative Coronal Malalignment Often Leads to More Extensive Surgery Than Sagittal Malalignment During Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery. Neurospine, 18(3), 570–579. https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2142384.192
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Ha, A., Mathew, J., Zuckerman, S. L., Buchanan, I., Kerolus, M., Cerpa, M., Lombardi, J. M., Dyrszka, M., Sardar, Z., Lehman, R. A., & Lenke, L. G. (2021). 141. Preoperative paraspinal fat atrophy of the upper instrumented vertebrae musculature in spine deformity surgery is a risk factor for proximal junctional kyphosis and sagittal malalignment. The Spine Journal, 21(9), S71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2021.05.169
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Ha, A., Mathew, J., Zuckerman, S. L., Buchanan, I., Kerolus, M., Cerpa, M., Lombardi, J. M., Dyrszka, M., Sardar, Z., Lehman, R. A., & Lenke, L. G. (2021). 190. C2 pelvic angle (C2PA) is a useful radiographic parameter that correlates with clinical outcomes of symptomatic proximal junctional kyphosis. The Spine Journal, 21(9), S96–S97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2021.05.397
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Ha, A., Mathew, J., Marciano, G., Zuckerman, S. L., Buchanan, I., Kerolus, M., Cerpa, M., Lombardi, J. M., Dyrszka, M., Sardar, Z., Lehman, R. A., & Lenke, L. G. (2021). 140. C2 pelvic angle (C2PA) is a useful intraoperative radiographic parameter that correlates with the risk of developing proximal junctional kyphosis postoperatively. The Spine Journal, 21(9), S70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2021.05.168
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Cerpa, M., Lenke, L. G., Zuckerman, S. L., Kelly, M. P., Line, B., Smith, J. S., Shaffrey, C. I., Kebaish, K. M., Klineberg, E. O., Kim, H. J., Schwab, F. J., Gupta, M. C., Protopsaltis, T. S., Passias, P. G., Daniels, A. H., Lafage, V., Lafage, R., Burton, D. C., Bess, S., & International Spine Study Group. (2021). 188. Prospective analysis of adult spinal deformity patients demonstrates radically different preop demographic, radiographic and quality of life parameters for primary vs revision patients. The Spine Journal, 21(9), S95–S96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2021.05.395
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Zuckerman, S. L., Lai, C., Shen, Y., Kerolus, M., Buchanan, I., Ha, A., Cerpa, M., Lee, N. J., Leung, E., Sardar, Z., Lehman, R. A., & Lenke, L. G. (2021). P99. Postoperative coronal malalignment after adult spinal deformity surgery: Incidence, risk factors, and impact on 2-year outcomes. The Spine Journal, 21(9), S188–S189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2021.05.307
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Buchanan, I., Lee, N. J., Kerolus, M., Ha, A., Zuckerman, S. L., Cerpa, M., & Lenke, L. G. (2021). 56. The “Touched Vertebra (TV)” provides a reliable method for lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) selection in adult idiopathic scoliosis (AdIS). The Spine Journal, 21(9), S28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2021.05.081
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Zuckerman, S. L., Lai, C., Shen, Y., Ha, A., Cerpa, M., Kerolus, M., Buchanan, I., Lee, N. J., Leung, E., Lehman, R. A., & Lenke, L. G. (2021). 69. The lumbosacral fractional curve vs maximum coronal Cobb angle in adult spinal deformity patients: Which matters more? The Spine Journal, 21(9), S34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2021.05.094
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Zuckerman, S. L., Lai, C., Shen, Y., Kerolus, M., Buchanan, I., Cerpa, M., Ha, A., Sardar, Z., Lehman, R. A., & Lenke, L. G. (2021). 191. Establishing a threshold of impairment to define coronal malalignment in adult spinal deformity patients. The Spine Journal, 21(9), S97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2021.05.398
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Zuckerman, S. L., Lai, C., Shen, Y., Kerolus, M., Ha, A., Cerpa, M., Buchanan, I., Lee, N. J., Leung, E., & Lenke, L. G. (2021). 36. Understanding the role of pelvic obliquity and leg length discrepancy in adult spinal deformity patients with coronal malalignment: unlocking the black box. The Spine Journal, 21(9), S18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2021.05.061
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